Ninja Docs
  • What is VDO.Ninja?
    • How does it work
    • Use cases
    • Why use VDO.Ninja over other solutions?
    • Sponsor ❤
  • Getting started
    • VDO.Ninja basics
    • What are stream IDs?
    • The power of the URL parameter
    • Multi-Person Chat
    • Rooms
    • Even higher quality video
    • Mobile phone camera into webcam
    • Cheat sheet of basic parameters
  • Steve's helper apps & tools
    • Electron Capture
      • Documentation
    • Social Stream Ninja
      • Documentation reference
    • Meshcast.io
    • Caption.Ninja
    • Raspberry.Ninja
      • Documentation
    • Mixer App
    • WHIP and WHEP tooling
    • Versus.cam
    • Speed and Quality Tests
    • Comms
    • Teleprompter Tool
    • LUT maker for color grading
    • Native mobile app versions
    • VDO Applications
    • Tech Demonstrations
    • Invite Link Generators
    • Community contributed tools
    • Mic test
    • Whiteboard
  • Guides
    • Cheat Sheets
    • Common questions re: Rooms
    • Video bitrate for push/view links
    • Video bitrate in rooms
    • How to get permanent links
    • Basic hotkeys
    • MIDI, API and WebHID support
    • Hardware-accelerated video encoding
    • Audio Filters & Bitrate
    • Options to record streams
    • External guides and how-tos
    • How to lock the resolution
    • How to use VDO.Ninja as a webcam for Google Hangouts, Zoom, and more
    • How to capture without browser sources
    • How to control bitrate/quality
    • How to selectively allow access
    • Stream Scheduling and Promotion
    • How to send the audio/video output of one OBS to another OBS using VDO.Ninja
    • How to mirror a video while Full-Screen - For iPads and Teleprompters
    • How to capture an application's audio
    • How to control VDO.Ninja with Touch Portal
    • How to publish from OBS into VDO.Ninja
    • How to screen share your iPhone/iPad
    • How to get iPhones to output 1080p Videos
    • How to stream into Zoom without OBS
    • How to connect a smartphone to computer via USB
    • How to edit an invite after sending it
    • How to get highest video quality (for an interview)
    • How to stream 4K video using VDO.Ninja
    • How to get lowest audio latency possible
    • How to share webcam from inside OBS
    • How to publish to Facebook Live
    • How to embed VDO.Ninja into a site with iFrames
      • Detecting User Joins / Disconnects
      • Create custom drawing app
      • Generic P2P Data Transmission Guide
      • IFRAME API for Directors
      • IFRAME API Basics
    • How to use the green screen just locally
    • How to connect a GoPro to VDO.Ninja
    • How to install RaspNinja on Jetson
    • How to transfer guests to other rooms
    • How to set up a simple chat room
    • How to screen share in 1080p
    • How to control PowerPoint remotely with VDO.Ninja
    • How to improve quality of the native app
    • How to stream transparent video
    • Recommended OBS WHIP settings
    • How to use VDO.Ninja on a website
    • Keep Mic Active in Background on Android Browser
    • PlayStation or Xbox to VDO.Ninja
    • Enabling WebRTC Sources in OBS
    • Picking the right microphone
    • Set Up Proper Lighting
    • System requirements for streaming
    • From OBS to VDO.Ninja using WHIP
    • Deploy your own Meshcast-like service
    • Windows TTS Audio Capture Methods for OBS
    • Syncing USB audio with VDO.Ninja -> OBS Virtual Camera
  • Advanced Options (URL Parameters)
    • Most common Parameters
      • &push
      • &quality
      • &videodevice
      • &audiodevice
      • &effects
      • &label
      • &meshcast
      • &view
      • &videobitrate
      • &audiobitrate
      • &codec
      • &novideo
      • &noaudio
      • &showlabels
      • &room
      • &director
      • &proaudio
      • &scene
      • &roombitrate
      • &password
      • &broadcast
    • Setup Parameters
      • &push
      • &room
      • &password
      • &hash
      • &e2ee
      • &label
      • &labelsuggestion
      • &permaid
      • &group
      • &groupview
      • &groupaudio
      • &datamode
      • &audiooutput
      • &sink
      • &audiodevice
      • &videodevice
      • &vdo
      • &device
      • &miconly
      • &miconlyoption
      • &safemode
      • &autostart
      • &easyexit
      • &webcam
      • &webcam2
      • &screenshare
      • &screenshare2
      • &website
      • &fileshare
      • &intro
      • &host
      • &tips
      • &welcome
      • &welcomeb64
      • &welcomeimage
      • &hangupmessage
      • &humb64
      • &groupmode
      • &audience
    • Camera Parameters
      • &whitebalance
      • &exposure
      • &saturation
      • &sharpness
      • &contrast
      • &brightness
    • Video Parameters
      • &blind
      • &quality
      • &width
      • &height
      • &aspectratio
      • &contenthint
      • &mediasettings
      • &noscale
      • &fps
      • &maxframerate
      • &effects
      • &effectvalue
      • &imagelist
      • &avatar
      • &fullscreen
      • &showpreview
      • &minipreview
      • &minipreviewoffset
      • &largepreview
      • &nopreview
      • &hideguest
      • &videomute
      • &ptz
      • &webp
      • &webpquality
      • &scale
      • &viewwidth
      • &viewheight
      • &dpi
      • &sharper
      • &codec
      • &h264profile
      • &buffer
      • &buffer2
      • &fadein
      • &broadcast
      • &directoronly
      • &showonly
      • &novideo
      • &nodirectorvideo
      • &slideshow
      • &zoom
    • Video Bitrate Parameters
      • &outboundvideobitrate
      • &maxvideobitrate
      • &limittotalbitrate
      • &controlroombitrate
      • &roombitrate
      • &maxbandwidth
      • &videobitrate
      • &totalscenebitrate
      • &totalroombitrate
      • &totalbitrate
      • &zoomedbitrate
      • &optimize
    • Audio Parameters
      • &proaudio
      • &stereo
      • &mutespeaker
      • &deafen
      • &noaudioprocessing
      • &audiodevice
      • &echocancellation
      • &audiogain
      • &autogain
      • &compressor
      • &denoise
      • &distort
      • &equalizer
      • &limiter
      • &lowcut
      • &noisegate
      • &noisegatesettings
      • &audiocontenthint
      • &audiolatency
      • &micdelay
      • &mute
      • &automute
      • &outboundaudiobitrate
      • &inputchannels
      • &monomic
      • &audiooutput
      • &sink
      • &volume
      • &volumecontrol
      • &audiobitrate
      • &vbr
      • &mono
      • &noaudio
      • &nodirectoraudio
      • &panning
      • &sync
      • &samplerate
      • &channels
      • &channeloffset
      • &playchannel
      • &ptime
      • &maxptime
      • &minptime
      • &audiocodec
      • &dtx
      • &nofec
    • Mixer/Scene Parameters
      • &solo
      • &view
      • &include
      • &exclude
      • &layout
      • &activespeaker
      • &activespeakerdelay
      • &order
      • &slots
      • &fakeguests
      • &randomize
      • &cover
      • &43
      • &portrait
      • &square
      • &forceviewerlandscape
      • &animated
      • &manual
      • &locked
      • &poster
      • &hideplaybutton
      • &motiondetection
      • &scene
      • &scenetype
      • &autoadd
      • &hiddenscenebitrate
      • &preloadbitrate
      • &waitimage
      • &waitmessage
      • &waittimeout
      • &viewslot
    • Settings Parameters
      • &language
      • &remote
      • &controlobs
      • &allowedscenes
      • &stats
      • &sticky
      • &clearstorage
      • &disablehotkeys
      • &showlist
      • &nopush
      • &hidehome
      • &hidetranslate
      • &clock
      • &clock24
      • &timer
      • &powerpoint
      • &widget
      • &token
      • &transcribe
      • &signalmeter
      • &batterymeter
      • &consent
      • &prompt
      • &hands
      • &notify
      • &r2d2
      • &directorchat
      • &maxconnections
      • &maxviewers
      • &chunked
      • &retransmit
      • &rampuptime
      • &sensor
      • &sensorfilter
      • &postimage
      • &postinterval
      • &slot
      • &closedcaptions
      • &nocaptionlabels
      • &enhance
      • &bitratecutoff
      • &cutscene
      • &statsinterval
      • &keyframerate
      • &maxpublishers
      • &showconnections
      • &obsfix
      • &streamlabs
      • &getfaces
      • &nochunked
    • Buttons and Control Bar Parameters
      • &autohide
      • &controlbarspace
      • &nosettings
      • &nomicbutton
      • &nospeakerbutton
      • &novideobutton
      • &nofileshare
      • &screensharebutton
      • &nohangupbutton
      • &chatbutton
      • &bigbutton
      • &fullscreenbutton
      • &nowebsite
      • &hands
      • &videocontrols
      • &nocontrols
      • &forcecontrols
    • Design Parameters
      • &label
      • &showlabels
      • &fontsize
      • &style
      • &bgimage
      • &showall
      • &meterstyle
      • &cleanoutput
      • &cleanish
      • &css
      • &base64css
      • &js
      • &base64js
      • &mirror
      • &nomirror
      • &flip
      • &rotatewindow
      • &structure
      • &color
      • &blur
      • &border
      • &bordercolor
      • &rounded
      • &margin
      • &darkmode
      • &lightmode
      • &background
      • &chroma
      • &transparent
      • &nocursor
      • &favicon
      • &headertitle
      • &rotate
      • &grid
      • &hideheader
      • &hidemenu
      • &tally
      • &tallyoff
      • &cleanviewer
      • &obsoff
      • &pip
      • &pipall
      • &pipme
      • &rows
    • Director Parameters
      • &director
      • &codirector
      • &blindall
      • &cleandirector
      • &hidesolo
      • &hidecodirectors
      • &minidirector
      • &orderby
      • &queue
      • &rooms
      • &broadcasttransfer
      • &showdirector
      • &slotmode
      • &previewmode
      • &novice
      • &layouts
      • &maindirectorpassword
      • &totalroombitrate
      • &limittotalbitrate
      • &notify
      • &mutespeaker=0
      • &showconnections
      • &widget
      • &pausepreview
    • Screen-share Parameters
      • &screensharestereo
      • &screenshare
      • &screenshare2
      • &screenshareaec
      • &screenshareautogain
      • &screensharecursor
      • &screensharedenoise
      • &screensharefps
      • &screensharehide
      • &screenshareid
      • &screensharelabel
      • &screensharequality
      • &screensharecontenthint
      • &screenshareaspectratio
      • &screensharetype
      • &smallshare
      • &screensharevideoonly
      • &suppresslocalaudio
      • &prefercurrenttab
      • &selfbrowsersurface
      • &systemaudio
      • &displaysurface
      • &screensharebutton
      • &screensharebitrate
      • &sharperscreen
      • &sspaused
    • Recording Parameters
      • &record
      • &autorecord
      • &autorecordlocal
      • &autorecordremote
      • &recordcodec
      • &pcm
      • &recordmotion
      • &chunked
    • Guest queuing Parameters
      • &queue
      • &screen
      • &hold
      • &holdwithvideo
      • &queuetransfer
    • Meshcast Parameters
      • &meshcast
      • &meshcastaudiobitrate
      • &meshcastbitrate
      • &meshcastcodec
      • &mcscreensharebitrate
      • &mcscreensharecodec
      • &meshcastscale
      • &meshcastcode
      • &nomeshcast
    • WHIP Parameters
      • &whipout
      • &whipview
      • &whipoutcodec
      • &whipoutaudiobitrate
      • &whipoutvideobitrate
      • &whipoutscale
      • &whipoutscreensharecodec
      • &whipoutscreensharebitrate
      • &cftoken
      • &svc
    • Mobile Parameters
      • &facing
      • &forcelandscape
      • &forceportrait
      • &forceios
      • &notios
      • &flagship
      • &mobile
      • &notmobile
      • &app
    • API & MIDI Parameters
      • &api
        • API reference
        • API reference - AI Generated
        • Client (node) event example
      • &pie
      • &midi
      • &midiin
      • &midiout
      • &midiremote
      • &midichannel
      • &mididevice
      • &midioffset
      • &mididelay
      • &datamode
      • &postapi
    • TURN & STUN Parameters
      • &turn
      • &stun
      • &addstun
      • &icefilter
      • &proxy
      • &relay
      • &secure
      • &tcp
      • &tz
    • Parameters added in Version 24
    • Complete List of Parameters in v26
    • Upcoming Parameters
    • Other Parameters
  • Releases
    • v24
    • v23 🌱
    • v22 👑
    • v21 ❤️
    • v20 🎁
    • v19 🚀🤯
      • v19.1 - 19.4
    • v18
      • v18.3
    • v17
    • v16
      • v16.3
      • v16.4
    • v15
    • v14
    • v13
      • v13.4
    • v12
    • v10
    • v8
  • Updates
    • Updates - VDO.Ninja
    • Updates - Social Stream & Chat Overlay
      • Updates - Social Stream Standalone App
    • Updates - Electron Capture App
    • Updates - Raspberry.Ninja
    • Updates - Versus.cam
    • Updates - Mixer App
    • Updates - WHIP/WHEP
    • Updates - Native mobile apps
    • Updates - Caption.Ninja
    • Updates - Meshcast.io
    • Updates - Speed Test
    • Updates - Comms
    • Updates - Miscellaneous
  • Development Progress
  • Help!
    • Fail safes and Backups
    • Privacy and security details
      • VDO.Ninja Terms of Service
      • VDO.Ninja Privacy Policy
    • Project Contact Info
    • Where can I report a bug?
    • Where can I get support?
    • Feature Requests
    • Logos and media assets
    • What does VDO stand for?
  • Common errors and known issues
    • Can't screen capture certain games
    • ATEM not working with Firestick
    • Very old iPhone support
    • Can't select audio output on iOS
    • Screen-share is just a black video
    • Mic audio dropping out
    • Loss of audio when OBS minimized
    • Known issues
    • Echo or feedback issues
    • Works on WiFi but not on 4G
    • Can't capture an application's audio when screen-sharing
    • Can't load camera both in OBS and VDON
    • Can't select a camera lens on mobile
    • No video in OBS, just an "Add camera" button
    • Audio over VDO.Ninja isn't working
    • Loading circle shows in OBS or browser
    • Appearing then disappearing guest
    • Can't auto-start screen sharing
    • Audio Clicking / Popping / Distortion
    • Can't share my screen
    • Nothing shows up in OBS
    • Already in use or claimed errors
    • Blue spinning window
    • Cursor shows trailing or artifacting
    • Packet Loss
    • Overheating
    • Audio is delayed in OBS
    • vMix High CPU
    • OBS Virtual Camera has low FPS
    • Virtual camera not working on Mac
    • Mic stops on MacOS when OBS opens
    • Video stream looks corrupted
    • Video freezes mid-stream
    • Webcam freezes after a time
    • Is the VDO.Ninja server down?
    • Hosted your own TURN server?
    • Can't screen-share from certain devices
    • Cursor shows when screen-sharing
    • Getting “Overconstrained" Camera Error
    • Autoplay doesn't work in Chrome or vMix v77
    • Low frame rates
    • Black borders around the video in OBS
    • Mic's volume keeps changing
    • Enable Camera / Microphone permissions
    • FPS drop if app not in focus
    • Surround sound error when screen sharing with USB headset
    • Relay candidate being selected
    • Camera works in Safari; not Chrome
    • Robotic Audio Distortion
    • Can't load camera from non-SSL host
    • Camera on macOS doesn't show?
    • Can't screen share Adobe Lightroom
    • Decklink support?
    • iOS audio stops during phone calls
    • Can't turn off echo-cancellation on macOS
    • Video lag grows over time
    • Can't connect unless via VPN
    • Improving vMix performance
    • Use a Virtual Camera more than Once
  • Platform specific issues
    • Android
    • macOS
    • iOS (iPhone/iPad)
    • Firefox
    • Opera GX
  • Useful Links
  • FAQ
  • Sponsor ❤
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  • Details
  • About STUN servers
  • More about SRFLX vs PRFLX candidate modes
  • Related

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  1. Advanced Options (URL Parameters)
  2. TURN & STUN Parameters

&stun

Lets you specify a STUN server for webRTC negotiation

Previous&turnNext&addstun

Last updated 1 year ago

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General Option! (, , , )

Details

This parameter lets you specify a STUN server for webRTC negotiation. The default STUN servers use those provided by Google (and recently also Cloudflare), at stun:stun.l.google.com:19302, but with this command you can set your own.

&stun will overwrite the existing STUN values provided by VDO.Ninja. If you wish to keep the existing STUN server options, adding additional options, or if you wish to add multiple custom STUN servers, you can use the related parameter. This is the same idea, but when used it won't overwrite the existing STUN options.

Using &stun and together will let you specify two custom STUN servers.

Setting &stun to false will clear the default STUN servers.

If your STUN server requires a password, you can pass the STUN server address with semi-comma separated values in the form &stun=USERNAME;PASSWORD;ADDRESS

Basic sample usage of &stun:

About STUN servers

A STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) server is used to discover a device's public IP address and port, especially when it is behind a Network Address Translator (NAT), facilitating peer-to-peer communication in technologies like WebRTC.

If your browser has disabled WebRTC IP leaking, then the STUN servers may be pretty useless, as the only IP your browser will share with other peers is any obtained from the relay server.

Without a STUN server though, you will still share your local IP, the HOST candidate type, as well as any RELAY candidates obtained from available turn servers.

The magic with VDO.Ninja and peer-to-peer webRTC is largely made possible by STUN servers.

More about SRFLX vs PRFLX candidate modes

When dealing with ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) candidates, you may encounter terms like "srflx" and "prflx," which refer to different types of ICE candidates. ICE is a protocol used for establishing peer-to-peer communication sessions, often for real-time audio and video communication.

  1. srflx (Server Reflexive):

    • Server reflexive candidates are created when a device behind a Network Address Translator (NAT) sends a request to a STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) server. The STUN server then sends a response back, and this response contains a reflexive candidate. This reflexive candidate represents the public IP and port of the NAT device.

    • Srflx candidates are used to traverse NATs and allow the devices on both sides to find a route to communicate through the NAT.

    • Srflx is the most common candidate type seen when making a connection with another remote peer on the Internet, via VDO.Ninja.

  2. prflx (Peer Reflexive):

    • Peer reflexive candidates are also a result of communication with a STUN server, but unlike server reflexive candidates, they represent the reflexive address of the remote peer, not the local device. In other words, they are the public IP and port of the other side, as observed by the STUN server.

    • Prflx candidates can be helpful in situations where a WebRTC peer wants to communicate with another peer, and it needs to discover the public address of that peer to establish direct communication.

    • Prflx are not common among VDO.Ninja connections, but may be seen when tethering, using a symmetrical firewall, or other non-common networking setups.

In summary, srflx and prflx candidates both involve the use of STUN servers to discover reflexive addresses, but srflx represents the public address of the local device (behind NAT), while prflx represents the public address of the remote peer. These types of candidates are crucial for WebRTC communication because they help establish peer-to-peer connections across NAT devices and firewalls.

Related

&push
&room
&view
&scene
&addstun
&addstun
https://vdo.ninja/?push&stun=stun:stun4.l.google.com:19302
&addstun
&turn